Chapter I. Introduction

As an important element in Buddhist culture, Buddhist relics have been full of mystery since ancient times. With the development of modern science and technology, the exploration of relics has been gradually deepened, not only involving religious beliefs, but also intersecting with geology, chemistry and other disciplines. The formation, composition, and religious significance of relics have been the focus of attention of both academics and believers. The purpose of this study is to conduct an in-depth inquiry into the miraculous phenomenon of Buddhist relics through literature review and field investigation, with a view to providing readers with a comprehensive and objective understanding.

Buddhist relics, usually the bead-like, gem-like substance left behind after a monk has passed away, are considered sacred and mysterious relics. The mechanism of its formation is still inconclusive, but most studies believe that it is related to high-temperature incineration and crystallisation of minerals in the human body. In Buddhist beliefs, relics are regarded as symbols of cultivation achievement and are of great religious value. The existence of relics has also triggered a number of scientific controversies and discussions. The study in this paper will analyse the formation, chemical composition, religious significance and other angles of the relics in a comprehensive manner.

In terms of research methodology, this paper will make comprehensive use of a variety of means such as literature research, field investigation and scientific experiment. Through combing historical documents and modern research results, it will explore the historical origin and scientific research progress of relics; through field investigation, it will collect samples of relics from different regions and temples, and conduct detailed observation and recording; through experimental analysis, it will explore the chemical composition and physical properties of relics, with a view to providing scientific basis for explaining their formation mechanism.

Through in-depth study of Buddhist relics, we can not only better understand Buddhist culture and beliefs, but also provide useful references for scientific research in related fields. At the same time, the exploration of relics also helps us to understand the mystery of the human body and the interrelationship between religion and science.

Chapter 2: Basic Concepts and Classification of Sheridan

2.1 Definition and Origin of Sherpa

The word "relic" is derived from the Sanskrit word meaning "solid seed". This mysterious and revered Buddhist relic has always been regarded as a Buddhist treasure. Its formation process and origin are not only closely related to Buddhist beliefs, but also contain deep cultural and religious significance.

In Buddhism, relics usually refer to the crystals obtained from the cremation of monks and great masters after they have passed away. These crystals come in various shapes, some appearing round, oval or other irregular shapes, and in a variety of colours, including white, black and red. The appearance of relics is regarded as a symbol of a monk's achievement in cultivation and a holy relic in the hearts of Buddhist believers[1] .

There are various theories about the origin of the sherpa. According to one view, relics are the crystallisation of a senior monk's long period of practice, meditation and observance of the precepts. Through long-term religious practice, the body and mind of the senior monk were purified, thus forming these miraculous crystals after cremation. Another viewpoint is that the formation of sherbet is related to the dietary structure of the monks. Long-term vegetarian diets and specific practices may lead to changes in certain chemical elements in the body, which in turn lead to the formation of sherbet during cremation[1] .

In addition to the cremated relics, there exists a kind of sense-generated relics. This kind of relics is not obtained through cremation, but is formed naturally under certain specific environments and conditions. There is no definite conclusion about the formation mechanism of the sensitised relics, but it is generally believed to be a manifestation of the monk's state of cultivation[1] .

With the development of science and technology in recent years, the study of sherds has been gradually deepened. Some researches show that the main chemical composition of sherbet includes phosphate, silicate, oxide and so on, and these components may undergo chemical reaction at high temperature to form hard crystals. These scientific explanations have not been able to fully reveal the mystery of the sherpa, its formation process is still full of unknowns and mysteries[2][3][1] .

The emergence of relics in Buddhism is often closely linked to the spread and development of Buddhism. Some famous relics such as the relics of Sakyamuni Buddha have not only become an important symbol of Buddhist beliefs, but also promoted the spread and exchange of Buddhist culture. Therefore, the relics not only have religious significance, but also carry rich cultural connotation and historical value[3][1] .

As a treasure in Buddhist culture, the mysterious formation process and deep religious significance of the relics have always been admired and explored by people. Although modern science has explained the formation mechanism to a certain extent, the Buddhist culture and practice concepts behind the relics are still worthy of people's in-depth study and comprehension.

2.2 Classification and Characteristics of Sheridan

Sherries, as sacred relics in Buddhism, can be classified in a variety of ways depending on their origin, form, and composition. These classifications not only reflect the diversity of relics, but also reveal the depth of Buddhist culture.

A common categorisation is based on the origin of the relics. First, they come from the remains of a Buddha or a monk, which are considered the most precious and sacred and are often referred to as "relics of the real body". They are highly worshipped by Buddhists and symbolise the eternity of the Dharma and the spiritual power of the practitioner. The other type of relics are made by believers through special rituals, which are not as precious as the relics of the real body, but also carry the devotional beliefs and prayers of the believers[4] .

In terms of form, relics can be divided into broken relics and whole body relics. Broken body relics usually refer to the crystals obtained from cremated remains, which are in different forms, some in the shape of round beads, some in irregular shapes, and in a variety of colours. Whole-body relics, on the other hand, refer to the complete remains of a monk after his cremation, which are rare and are regarded as a symbol of a Buddhist practitioner's high level of attainment and perfection.

Depending on their composition, relics can also be classified as bone relics and crystalline relics. Bone relics are mainly formed from bone fragments, and they are gradually endowed with sacred significance through the precipitation of time and the offerings of devotees. Crystalline relics, on the other hand, are crystal-like substances formed from the remains during the cremation process, and their chemical composition is complex, including minerals such as silicates and phosphates, as well as elements such as carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. The process of formation of these crystallised relics is full of mystery and is an important symbol in Buddhist culture[5] .

Different types of relics have different characteristics. True-body relics usually exhibit a distinctive lustre and texture, which gives one an aura of sanctity and solemnity. Fragmented relics are full of mystery and beauty due to their different forms and colours. Whole body relics are a marvel at the spiritual power and miracle of life of Buddhist practitioners. The bone relics and crystallised relics also have their own unique forms and textures, which make people feel the profound heritage of Buddhist culture and the spiritual pursuit of the practitioners when viewing and offering them.

The classification and characteristics of relics not only reflect the richness and colourfulness of Buddhist culture, but also reveal the spiritual state and life pursuit of the practitioners. They have a very high cult status among Buddhists and are regarded as a symbol of the eternity of Buddhism and the spiritual power of the practitioners. Meanwhile, relics are also an important part of Buddhist art and cultural relics, carrying deep historical and cultural values. By exploring the classification and characteristics of relics, we can gain a deeper understanding of the connotation and spiritual essence of Buddhist culture.

Chapter 3 The Miraculous Phenomena of the Buddha and the Monk's Relics

3.1 The Legend of the Buddha's Relic

In the long history of Buddhism, Buddha's relics have been endowed with great religious significance and mysterious colours. They are not only material existences, but also symbols of Buddha's spirit and wisdom. Behind these relics, many fascinating legends have been passed down, which not only let people feel the greatness of Buddha, but also add more mysterious colours to the Buddhist faith.

According to legend, after the Buddha passed away, his relics were divided into 84,000 pieces and distributed to various countries to build temples for worship. Each relic contains the Buddha's supreme wisdom and vast compassion. One of the stories about Ashoka is particularly legendary.

Ashoka was the third monarch of the Peacock Dynasty of ancient India and grandson of Chandragupta, the founder of the dynasty. Chandragupta was an Indian military leader who conquered much of northern India in the years following Alexander the Great's expedition, thus establishing the first major empire in Indian history. Ashoka followed in the great footsteps of his grandfather and father, not only expanding his territory but also promoting Buddhism.

During the reign of King Ashoka, he was deeply impressed by the cruelty of war and therefore converted to Buddhism and made it the state religion. In order to promote Buddhism, he decided to distribute the relics of the Buddha to various countries. He ordered craftsmen to build 84,000 pagodas, each of which housed a share of the Buddha's relics. These pagodas were sent all over the world for people to venerate and worship.

Many miraculous phenomena occurred during this process. It is said that the moment the relics were placed in the pagoda, a strange light appeared in the sky, as if the Buddha had manifested himself. People came to worship and pray for peace and happiness. These relics have not only become the trust of people's faith, but also the link between Buddhists of different countries.

In addition to the legend of Ashoka's distribution of relics, there are also legends about the relics of the Buddha manifesting miracles. In some ancient Buddhist temples, the relics of the Buddha are enshrined. When devotees prayed with devotion, the relics would emit a dazzling light as if they were answering people's prayers. These mysterious phenomena reinforce people's belief in the miraculous power of Buddhism and strengthen the faith of believers.

These legends not only enriched the culture of Buddhism, but also provided spiritual sustenance for its followers. They have become an integral part of the Buddhist faith, inspiring the pursuit of truth, kindness and compassion. At the same time, these stories also reveal to us the mystery of Buddhist relics, making us admire and respect this great religious leader even more.

Throughout the long history, Buddhist relics have been regarded as the symbol of Buddhist faith and the trust of the soul. They have witnessed the glorious history and far-reaching influence of Buddhism, and have made us cherish and pass on this valuable cultural heritage even more. Whether in ancient or modern times, whether in India or China, Buddhist relics carry people's devout faith in Buddhism and unlimited respect. They are an important window for us to explore Buddhist culture, history and beliefs, as well as an important guide for us to perceive life and pursue truth.

3.2 Strange manifestations of monks' relics

In Buddhism, the relics of monks are regarded as sacred and incredible. These relics not only carry the fruits of the monk's cultivation and the essence of his wisdom, but also often display a variety of breathtaking and bizarre manifestations.

The luminescence of the monks' relics has always been of interest to many believers and researchers. Under certain circumstances or at certain moments, these relics will emit a soft and mysterious glow, as if they were the manifestation of the souls of the monks, or a symbol of their cultivation level. This luminous phenomenon is not constant, but appears and disappears, adding to its mysterious and unpredictable colour. There is a view that this may be some minerals or elements contained within the relics of the physical or chemical changes occurring under certain conditions, however, this explanation does not fully unravel the real mystery of the relics of the luminous.

In addition to the phenomenon of luminescence, the relics of high priests may also show the strange manifestation of colour change. In some records, the colour of the relics changes with the passage of time or changes in the surrounding environment. Sometimes there is a gradual transition from one colour to another, and sometimes there is a sudden and abrupt change. This phenomenon of colour change is often regarded as the result of mutual induction between the monk's relics and all things in the world, reflecting the idea of "all things have spirit" advocated by Buddhism. However, from a scientific point of view, the discolouration of the relics may also be related to changes in their internal chemical composition or structure, and research in this area still needs to be deepened.

These strange manifestations of the relics of monks have not only inspired people's awe and worship of the Buddhist faith, but also triggered extensive discussions in the scientific community on the causes and characteristics of the relics. Although modern science and technology have made remarkable achievements, when facing these mysterious phenomena, we still need to keep a humble and reverent heart, and keep exploring and pursuing the truth. At the same time, we should also realise that whether or not the relics show strange phenomena, they are an important part of Buddhist culture, carrying rich historical information and deep cultural heritage, and are worthy of our in-depth study and cherishing.

In studying the strange manifestations of monks' relics, we should also pay attention to their intrinsic connection with Buddhist teachings, cultivation practices and the psychology of the faithful. For example, the luminous and colour-changing phenomena of the relics may be regarded by the believers as the physical manifestation of the monk's cultivation, thus deepening their understanding of Buddhist teachings and firming up their faith. In addition, these strange phenomena may also have a profound effect on the psychology of the believers, inspiring them to reverence, adoration and goodness.

The strange manifestations of monks' relics are an extremely fascinating field of study in Buddhist culture. By exploring the causes and meanings behind these phenomena, we can not only enhance our understanding of Buddhist culture, but also provide new perspectives and insights for scientific research and the development of human civilisation. In our future research, we look forward to unravelling more mysteries about the strange manifestations of the monks' relics and contributing to the convergence and development of Buddhist culture and scientific research.

Chapter IV. Conclusions

After in-depth exploration of the miraculous phenomenon of Buddhist relics, it is not difficult to find that these mysterious and solemn relics not only carry the deep faith of Buddhists, but also inspire scientists to endless curiosity about their causes and nature. As a unique symbol in Buddhist culture, the existence of relics is a vivid testimony to the history and teachings of Buddhism. From ancient legends to modern scientific research, relics have always demonstrated the profoundness of Buddhist culture in its own unique way.

For Buddhists, relics are undoubtedly an important support for their faith. Whenever they are confronted with these relics, which are regarded as sacrosanct and inviolable, infinite reverence and nostalgia for the Buddha and the monks will well up in their hearts. The relics have become, in their hearts, a kind of spiritual support and motivation for cultivation. They are convinced that by devoutly offering and worshipping the relics, they will be able to receive the blessing and support of the Buddha, and thus become more resolute and relaxed on the path of cultivation.

The miraculous phenomenon of relics is not confined to the field of religion. In the vision of scientific research, these mysterious relics are also of high research value. Scientists are trying to reveal the scientific mysteries behind the relics through various advanced experimental means. They hope that through the in-depth study of relics, they can gain a deeper understanding of the evolution of human history, the spread of Buddhist culture and certain unknown areas of natural science.

The miraculous phenomenon of relics occupies a pivotal position in both Buddhist beliefs and scientific research. They are not only the holy relics in the hearts of Buddhists, but also valuable clues for scientists to explore the unknown world. In the future, with the continuous progress of science and technology and the deepening of people's understanding of Buddhist culture, I believe that the mysterious field of relics will blossom into a more brilliant light.